Though migraine causes aren't fully understood, genetics and environmental factors appear to play a role.
Changes in the brainstem and its interactions with the trigeminal nerve, a major pain pathway, might be involved. So, might imbalances in brain chemicals — including serotonin, which helps regulate pain in your nervous system.
Researchers are studying the role of serotonin in migraines. Other neurotransmitters play a role in the pain of migraine, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).
Migraine triggers:
There are a number of migraine triggers, including:
• Hormonal changes in women: Fluctuations in estrogen, such as before or during menstrual periods, pregnancy and menopause, seem to trigger headaches in many womenz
• Drinks: These include alcohol, especially wine, and too much caffeine, such as coffee.
• Stress: Stress at work or home can cause migraines.
• Sensory stimuli: Bright or flashing lights can induce migraines, as can loud sounds.
• Sleep changes: Missing sleep or getting too much sleep can trigger migraines in some people.
• Physical factors. Intense physical exertion, including sexual activity, might provoke migraines.
• Weather changes. A change of weather or barometric pressure can prompt a migraine.
• Medications. Oral contraceptives and vasodilators, such as nitroglycerin, can aggravate migraines.
• Foods: Aged cheeses and salty and processed foods might trigger migraines. So might skipping meals.
• Food additives: These include the sweetener aspartame and the preservative monosodium glutamate (MSG), found in many foods.
Courtesy: Mayo Clinic