In the bustling streets of Dhaka, amidst the thriving chaos and vibrant culture, lies an undercurrent of aspiration that sees many of Bangladesh’s brightest minds looking beyond its borders. The phenomenon, often termed ‘brain drain’, where students, especially from the middle class, leave Bangladesh for higher education and subsequently settle abroad, poses a nuanced challenge for the nation. This exodus, driven by dreams of better education, prospects, and life, while beneficial for individuals, raises an essential question: if everyone seeks their future abroad, who will lead and develop the nation? The root of this issue lies deeply entangled in the aspirations of Bangladesh’s youth, especially those from middle-class backgrounds.
Students in Bangladesh, both from private and public universities, are known for their meritorious achievements and high aspirations. However, the pursuit of higher education abroad is not just a matter of prestige; it’s often seen as a necessity. The reasons are manifold. Firstly, the quest for quality education is a primary motivator. While Bangladesh boasts of prestigious institutions like the University of Dhaka and Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), opportunities for advanced study, particularly in fields like research and technology, are limited. The education system, often criticized for its rote learning and exam-centric approach, leaves much to be desired in terms of research facilities and innovation. Secondly, the job market in Bangladesh, burgeoning yet competitive, often fails to absorb the growing number of graduates, especially in terms of quality jobs. Many students, therefore, view going abroad as a pathway to better employment opportunities and a higher standard of living. The social aspect also plays a role. There’s a certain prestige associated with foreign degrees and international exposure, often seen as a status symbol within the society.
Additionally, concerns about political instability, corruption, and lack of infrastructure contribute to this growing desire to settle abroad. But what does this mean for Bangladesh? The immediate effect is a loss of potential innovators, leaders, and skilled professionals. Countries like the USA, Canada, and Australia are common destinations for these students. They contribute to the economies and societies of these countries, while Bangladesh loses out on their skills and talents. The brain drain also has significant economic implications. It can lead to a shortage of skilled professionals in key sectors, hampering economic growth and development.
Moreover, the investment in education made by the country in these individuals does not yield a return when they choose to settle abroad. However, the story isn’t all grim. Many of these expatriates send remittances back home, contributing significantly to the economy. Also, the exposure and experiences gained abroad can be invaluable if these individuals choose to return or contribute in some way to their home country.
The solution to this complex issue lies in creating opportunities that align with the aspirations of these young minds. Improving the quality of higher education, with a focus on research and innovation, is crucial. Public and private universities in Bangladesh need to foster an environment that encourages critical thinking, creativity, and practical skills.
The job market must evolve to provide quality opportunities that match international standards. Encouraging entrepreneurship and creating an environment conducive to business and innovation can offer exciting opportunities for these bright minds within the country. In terms of policy, the government can play a significant role in incentivizing students to return. This could be through research grants, tax benefits, or creating platforms for international collaboration. Additionally, recognizing and celebrating achievements within the country can help shift the prestige associated with foreign degrees. Ultimately, the answer also lies in the hands of the students themselves.
The youth of Bangladesh, equipped with global education and exposure, are in a unique position to contribute to their motherland’s development. If they choose to return or engage in meaningful ways, they can drive significant change. As we ponder the future of Bangladesh, we are left with a compelling question: If the brightest minds continue to leave, who will spearhead the nation’s progress? It’s a question that not only the students but also the educational institutions, policymakers, and society at large need to contemplate.
The future of Bangladesh hinges on finding a balance between global aspirations and national development. It's about building a nation that its brightest minds not only dream of leaving for opportunities elsewhere but dream of building into a land of opportunities itself.
Fayazunnesa Chowdhury is a Lecturer at Daffodil International University
